Pennsylvania reported a fourth measles-associated death, an 18-year-old who was unvaccinated and died from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), a rare neurological condition that can occur following infection. The death prompted renewed online discussion about the risks of measles.
Some commenters encouraged vaccination and described the death as preventable, while others questioned whether the person died from measles or merely “with” measles. The specific cause of death also brought new attention to the potential neurological complications of measles. Some commenters shared experiences with measles-related encephalitis and other lasting effects, while others falsely suggested that ADEM is a known complication of MMR vaccination and argued that the vaccine can cause the same neurological complications as measles infection. Questions also continued about what adults should do if they are unsure of their vaccination history or immunity.
Recommendation
Online conversations about ADEM provide an opportunity to explain what severe measles complications can look like beyond the initial fever, rash, and respiratory symptoms. Health communicators may explain that measles can cause serious complications, including pneumonia and inflammation of the brain, and that some neurological complications can occur after the initial infection.
Communicators may also address false claims linking ADEM to MMR vaccination. Messaging may explain that reports of a health event occurring after vaccination do not establish that the vaccine caused it, and that research has not found an increased risk of ADEM following MMR vaccination. In contrast, ADEM is a recognized rare complication of measles infection.
Finally, repeated questions about vaccination records, immunity, and additional doses suggest that some people need practical guidance on determining whether they are protected. Communicators may explain what people can do if they cannot find their vaccination records or are unsure whether they received the recommended doses and encourage them to talk with a health care professional about whether vaccination or other assessment is appropriate. Messaging may also clarify that there is no specific treatment that cures measles and that vitamin A does not prevent or cure measles or replace vaccination.
Reading links: Cleveland Clinic
Communication resources: Find more tips for communicating about the ongoing measles outbreak
