Recent reports of severe Vibrio infections and locally transmitted dengue have sparked online conversation about infectious disease risks in parts of the U.S. Louisiana has reported an increase in severe Vibrio vulnificus infections, including several deaths. The bacteria thrive in warm coastal waters and can cause serious infections when they enter the body through open wounds. Online, people asked whether it is safe to swim, whether small cuts can increase infection risk, and which waters may pose a risk. Some incorrectly attributed the infections primarily to sewage or pollution.
Reports of locally transmitted dengue in Florida and Virginia also drew attention. Some people expressed surprise that dengue could spread locally in the U.S., while others asked about vaccines, mosquito repellents, and other ways to prevent infection. Some posts falsely blamed immigrants or genetically modified mosquitoes for local transmission. Across both conversations, people questioned whether warmer temperatures could make these infections more common in areas where they have historically been uncommon.
Recommendation
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the public may be more attentive to emerging infectious disease risks, and local news reports can quickly drive broader online questions about personal risk and prevention. Changing environmental conditions may also affect where and when some infectious diseases occur. Health communicators may explain that Vibrio bacteria occur naturally in coastal waters and grow more rapidly when water temperatures are warmer. Messaging may clarify that people with open wounds can reduce their risk by avoiding saltwater and brackish water when Vibrio may be present, and that some people are at greater risk of severe illness.
Communicators may also explain that dengue spreads through the bite of infected mosquitoes and that local transmission can occur when a mosquito bites someone with dengue and later infects another person. Messaging may emphasize practical ways to prevent mosquito bites, including using recommended insect repellent and reducing standing water around homes. Explaining how environmental conditions can affect the geographic range and activity of mosquitoes and other disease-causing organisms may help address questions about why these infections are being reported in new or unexpected places.
Resource Links: ABC; Mayo Clinic
Communication resources: Share this fact sheet about dengue fever with your community
